Friday 15 July 2011

muree

Murree

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This article is about the city. For the beer and brewery, see Murree Brewery.
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Murree
مری
Coordinates: 33°54′15″N 73°23′25″E / 33.9042°N 73.3903°E / 33.9042; 73.3903Coordinates: 33°54′15″N 73°23′25″E / 33.9042°N 73.3903°E / 33.9042; 73.3903
Country Pakistan
ProvincePunjab
DistrictRawalpindi
Government
 - administratorUmer Jahangir
Elevation2,291.2 m (7,517 ft)
Time zonePST (UTC+5)
Number of Union councils1
Murree city (Punjabi, Urdu: مری) is a popular hill station and a summer resort, especially for the residents of Islamabad, and for the cities of the province of Punjab, Pakistan. Murree is also the administrative centre of Murree Tehsil, which is a sub-division of Rawalpindi District and includes the Murree Hills.
Murree is located along Islamabad-murree expressway highway , some 58.3 km (36.2 mi) northeast of Islamabad.
The name Murree is derived from 'marhi', "high place"[1] although there is a popular belief it is named after the virgin Mary.[2]

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[edit] Description

The Sindh House. Reserved for multiple officials.
Murree is one of the largest resort towns in the Galyat area of Pakistan, and is the capital city of Murree Tehsil (which is an administrative division of the Rawalpindi District). It is situated on the southern slopes of the Western Himalayan foothills as they ascend to the northeast towards Kashmir. During British Rule in the nineteenth century, its altitude was established at 7,500 feet (2,300 m).
Murree is accessible by road from the centre of the Islamabad and Rawalpindi areas. It is still associated with Britain; many British fruits (including cherries, raspberries and strawberries) thrive locally. There is a church, built in 1857, located at the centre of the town, which is still used as a place of worship. Many houses around the church are still standing, functioning mostly as hotels. Old traditional restaurants have been replaced by fast food shops and newer restaurants. Some old places of accommodation, such as the Rich Villa Inn and Gulberg Hotel, have completely disappeared. A typical hotel usually provides a motel type accommodation with breakfast and communication access. Newly built hotels are also accessible.
Murree has expanded since 1947 at a rate much greater than that which its infrastructure can sustain. Securing water and electricity has been a constant challenge. The jam-packed bazaar has caught fire a number of times in the last century, and the growth of tourism and a construction boom have had an adverse effect on the local environment.

[edit] History

Murree, aftermath of fire in 1875
A 19th century post office
Murree was founded in 1851 by the Governor of Punjab, Sir Henry Lawrence, and was originally established for the British troops garrisoned on the Afghan frontier[3] as a sanatorium.[4]
The permanent town of Murree was constructed at Sunnybank in 1853. The church was sanctified in May 1857, and the main road, Jinnah Road, formerly known as The Mall (and still commonly referred to as), was built. The most significant commercial establishments, the Post Office, general merchants with European goods, tailors and a millinery, were established opposite the church. Until 1947, access to Jinnah Road was restricted for "natives" (non-Europeans).
Until 1876, Murree was the summer headquarters of the Punjab local government; after 1876 the headquarters were moved to Simla.[4]
The railway connection with Lahore, the capital of the Punjab Province, made Murree a popular resort for Punjab officials, and the villas and other houses erected for the accommodation of English families gave it a European aspect. It was described in the Gazetteer of Rawalpindi District, 1893–94 as follows:
The sanatorium of Murree lied in north latitude 33° 54′ 30″ and east longitude 73° 26′ 30″, at an elevation of 7,517 feet (2,291 m) above sea level, and contained a standing population of 1,768 inhabitants, which was, however, enormously increased during the [May–November] season by the influx of visitors and their attendant servants and shopkeepers. It is the most accessible hill station in the Punjab, being distant from Rawalpindi only a five hours' journey by tonga dak. Magnificent views are to be obtained in the spring and autumn of the snow crowned mountains of Kashmir; and gorgeous sunset and cloud effects seen daily during the rains [July–August]. Part of the station, especially the Kashmir end, are also well wooded and pretty.[3]
In 1901 the population of the town was officially 1844, although if summer visitors had been included this could have been as high as 10,000.[4]
In the hot season it was the headquarters of the Lieutenant General of the Northern Command. The Commissioner of the Rawalpindi Division and the Deputy-Commissioner of Rawalpindi also resided here during part of the hot season, for which period an Assistant Commissioner was placed in charge of the subdivision consisting of Murree Tehsil. The site was selected in 1850 almost immediately after the annexation of the Province, and building operations commenced at once. In 1851 temporary accommodation was provided for a detachment of troops; and in 1853 permanent barracks were erected. The garrison generally consisted of three mountain batteries. In 1873, 1874, and 1875 Murree was the summer headquarters of the Punjab Government. It was connected with Rawalpindi town by a service of tongas.[5]
The houses crown the summit and sides of an irregular ridge, commanding magnificent views over forest-clad hill-sides into deep valleys studded with villages and cultivated fields. The neighbouring hills were covered during the summer with encampments of British troops, while the station itself is filled with European visitors from the plains and travellers to Kashmir. A fine view of the snowy peaks of Kashmir is to be had on a clear day, and the crest of Nanga Parbat (26,182 feet (7,980 m)) can sometimes be seen. The municipality was created in 1850.[5]
The income during the ten years ending 1902–3 averaged Rs. 49,500, and the expenditure Rs. 48,200. In 1903–4 the income and expenditure were Rs. 5r,400, chiefly from octroi, and Rs. 54,400 respectively. The income and expenditure of cantonment funds averaged Rs. 10,000 between 1893 and 1903. The chief educational institutions are the Lawrence Military Asylum for soldiers' children, and the St. Denys' and Convent English schools for girls. The station contains the Lady Roberts Home for invalid officers and a branch of the Alliance Bank of Simla. The Murree Brewery was the only industrial concern of any importance.[5]
Dark and Cloudy Murree Landscape

[edit] 1857 War of Independence

See also: 1857 War of Independence in Murree
In the summer of 1857, the local tribes of Murree and Hazara, including the Dhond Abbasi and Tanoli, planned to attack the British Army. The campaign was led by Sardar Sherbaz Khan of Dhond Abbasi tribe, and by [Malik Nawab Bahadur Khan] of the Tanoli tribe. They fought respectably against the British Army, giving the British considerable difficulties. The British Army eventually signed an agreement with the local Abbasi tribe, which was refused by the Tanoli tribe, thereby dividing the opposition to the British. The British Army later ignored the agreement to take control of Murree again.[6]

[edit] British presence

After the British forces' occupation of Murree and Abbottabad, many English soldiers and administrators opted to spend the summers there because of the cooler climate. The British settled in and raised families. Some prominent people who were born here include:

[edit] Climate

Murree
Climate chart (explanation)
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
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70
 
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33
 
15
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70
 
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2
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: World Weather Information Service
Murree features a subtropical highland climate (Cwb) under the Köppen climate classification. It is situated in the outer Himalayas, retaining high altitude. This type of area has cold, snowy winters, relatively cool summer with drastically escalated rain, in relation with lower altitudes, and frequent fog. Precipitation is received year round, with two maximas, first one during winter and second one at summer, July–August.[8] Total mean precipitation annually is 1,789 mm (70.4 in).[9]

[edit] Animals

Many rare animals can be found in Murree. One example is the leopard, which inhabits the neighboring Galiyat region. More common animals include the Rhesus Monkey, foxes and various species of pheasant including the chir and kalij.

[edit] Tribes

The main tribe of Murree are the Dhond Abbasi, other tribes are the Syed's, Khawaja's, Kethwal Rajputs, the Dhanyals, Awans, Jasgam, Satti, Baig,Janjua Rajpoot ( mainly populated on eastern side of Murree)Qureshi Family, Mengiral Rajput and Barlas.

[edit] Administration

Union Council within Murree.
As well as being tehsil headquarters, Murree is also a Union council, it is bounded to the north by Darya Gali and Rawat, to the west by Ghora Gali, to the south by Numbal and Mussiari, and to the east by Ghel and Charhan.

[edit] Religion in Murree

Mosque in Murree
Islam is the mainly followed religion. However, there is also a significant Christian presence; churches from the British Era can be found in various parts of Murree.

[edit] Journalism in Murree

The earliest records of newspapers being sold in the Murree Hills are from 1936 during British rule.

[edit] New Murree Project

Usage of chairlifts is popular amongst tourists
The government of Punjab is at the brim of initiating the "New Murree Project" to promote tourism.[10] The location selected for this project is Patriata after considering the other three, Ban, Barian and Charihan. This project will cover 4,111 acres (16.64 km2) of land, including 3,849 acres (15.58 km2) of the Murree Forest Division and 262 acres (1.06 km2) of the Rawalpindi North Forest Division.[10] The water for Murree City will be supplied from River Jhelum.
This project has been shelved indefinitely by the Government of Punjab.

[edit] Picture gallery

  • Snowfall in Murree (1865)
  • A bridge in Murree (1865)
  • An old house in Murree (1861)
  • An 18th century church
  • Jheeka Gali
  • Rifle Brigade Buglers Kuldana (1896)
  • 1861
  • Convent of Jesus and Mary
  • Convent of Jesus & Mary, famous convent school in Murree
  • View of Murree hills
  • Toll booth before entering Murree
  • A toll booth of Murree

[edit] Localities & Union Councils

[edit] References

  1. ^ "Murree" Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. John Everett-Heath. Oxford University Press 2005. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Accessed 14 June 2008 <http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t209.e5014>
  2. ^ Mystery of the Tomb of Mary - Dawn Magazine
  3. ^ a b Murree, in the Punjaub, 1863
  4. ^ a b c Murree - Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition
  5. ^ a b c Murree Town - Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 18, p. 43
  6. ^ A view from Pakistan
  7. ^ This has now been republished as the "Linguistic survey of Pakistan, vol V" by sang-e-Mil publishers Lahore
  8. ^ Nazaria-i-Pakistan Trust. "Pakistan Essentials - Climate and Weather". http://nazariapak.info/pak-essentials/climate.asp. Retrieved 2009-07-01. 
  9. ^ World Weather Information Service - Murree
  10. ^ a b New Murree project in harmony with environment - Daily Times Pakistan

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Murree
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murree"
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